[5], Some of the more prominent modern gendarmerie organizations include the French National Gendarmerie, Spanish Civil Guard, Argentine National Gendarmerie, Italian Carabinieri, the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee, the Portuguese National Republican Guard and the Turkish Gendarmerie.[5]. These forces are normally titled "gendarmerie", but gendarmeries may bear other titles, for instance the Carabinieri in Italy, the Guarda Nacional Republicana in Portugal, the Guardia Civil in Spain, the Royal Marechaussee in the Netherlands or Internal Troops/National Guard in Ukraine and Russia. photos droit penal. The word gained policing connotations only during the French Revolution when the Maréchaussée of the Ancien Régime, attached to the Gendarmerie before, by the Monarchy, was renamed, "Gendarmerie". As a result of their duties within the civilian population, gendarmeries are sometimes described as "paramilitary" rather than "military" forces (especially in the English-speaking world where policing is rarely associated with military forces) although this description rarely corresponds to their official status and capabilities. For bodies called "Gendarmerie", see, "Gendarme" redirects here. The Dutch Royal Marechaussee, was created by King William I to replace the French Gendarmerie after French rule ended. On the other hand, the necessity of a more stringent selection process for military service, especially in terms of physical prowess and health, restricts the pool of potential recruits in comparison to those from which a civilian police force could select. Through the agency of the Irish police chief, General Hugh Tudor, this British Later, Ismail Haki Tatzati was appointed battalion commander in Berat, while in Durrës and Elbasan, respectively Major Kasem Qafëzezi and Major Mustafa Aranitasi. In 1926, Colonel Stirling was replaced by Major General Jocelyn Percey, who tried to reorganize the Albanian gendarmerie in the most useful structures. Many countries that were once under French rule and influence have a gendarmerie. The first Albanian government has been tasked with creating the Arms of Gendarmerie' Alem Tragjasin, Hysni Toskas, Sali Vranisht and Hajredin Hekalin. For instance, the French language title of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is Gendarmerie royale du Canada (GRC) (i.e., Royal Gendarmerie of Canada) because this force traditionally had some military-style functions (although separate from the Canadian Army) and has retained its status as a regiment of dragoons. Gendarmes are very rarely deployed in military situations, except in humanitarian deployments abroad. The Arm of Gendarmerie (Albanian: Arma e Xhandarmërisë or Arma e Gjandarmërisë) was a gendarmerie force created after the proclamation of independence from the Ottoman Empire of Albania on 28 November 1912. FORMATEUR. A gendarmerie may come under the authority of a ministry of defence (e.g. A new constituent assembly amended the constitution making Albania a kingdom and transforming Ahmet Zogu into Zog I, "King of Albanians". The Argentine Gendarmerie is a military force in terms of training, identity and public perception, and was involved in combat in the Falklands War, however it is classified as a "security force" not an "armed force", to exercise jurisdiction over the civilian population under Argentine law. Chile, France, Italy, Portugal and Spain). Capitaine Jérémy. The word gendarme is a singular extracted from Old French gens d'armes [ʒɑ̃ d‿ aʁm], meaning men-at-arms. The gendarmerie also set her regular gray-green uniform, red and black collar, hooded jacket and ranks in the front part of the collar.[1]. For other uses, see, Learn how and when to remove this template message, heavily armoured cavalryman of noble birth, "Historia General de las Relaciones Exteriores de la Republica Argentina (Tomo XV)". It is not part of the Canadian Department of National Defence, but does have a paramilitary wing and they have been awarded the status of a regiment of dragoons, with a military battle standard displaying their battle honours following service in WW1. In March 1914, the Great Powers established the International Commission of Control (Albanian: Komisioni Ndërkombëtar i Kontrollit or KNK) and sent in Albania some Dutch officers to organize and train the Albanian Armed Forces, which also included Arm of Gendarmerie and Albanian Militia. The reforms that have taken was not always successful. [6], https://www.asp.gov.al/index.php/2014-09-22-09-11-14/historiku, http://gazeta-shqip.com/lajme/2014/01/24/holandezet-ne-shqiperi100-vjet-pare/, http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/bwn1880-2000/lemmata/bwn1/thomson, http://bunkart.al/2/ekspozita_historike/xhandarmeria-nga-pavaresia-deri-ne-luften-e-dyte-boterore/xhandarmeria-pas-luftes-se-pare-boterore, http://www.doktoratura.unitir.edu.al/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Doktoratura-Benita-Stavre-Fakulteti-i-Gjuheve-te-Huaja-Departamenti-i-Gjuhes-Angleze.pdf, http://bunkart.al/2/ekspozita_historike/xhandarmeria-nga-pavaresia-deri-ne-luften-e-dyte-boterore/xhandarmeria-dhe-policia-ne-vitet-e-mbreterise, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_Albanian_Gendarmerie&oldid=870153651, Military units and formations established in 1913, Military units and formations disestablished in 1939, Articles containing Albanian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Military police and general expertise in permanent service of public security; Armed force, This page was last edited on 22 November 2018, at 19:39. In 2014 the Mexican Federal Police, a heavily armed force which has many attributes of a gendarmerie, created a new seventh branch of service called the National Gendarmerie Division. In March 1914, the Great Powers sent Dutch officers who were in charge of organizing and training the Albanian Armed Forces, which also included the Arm of Gendarmerie and the Albanian Militia. Gendarmes play an important role re-establishing law and order in conflict areas, a task which is suited to their purpose, training and capabilities. The British Section of the Palestine Gendarmerie was raised in early 1922 by the colonial secretary, Winston Churchill, as a striking force and riot squad for Palestine. For instance, in the French-speaking Cantons of Switzerland the "gendarmeries" are the uniformed civil police (see: Gendarmerie (Switzerland)). Many former French colonies, especially in Africa, also have gendarmeries. The term gendarme (English: /ˈʒɒndɑːrm/) is derived from the medieval French expression gens d'armes, which translates to "men-at-arms" (literally, "armed people"). Under the command of Haki Ismail Tatzatit, the Italian organizer Ridolfo and Banush Hamdiu, the Arm of Gendarmerie was reestablished. A gendarmerie (/ ʒ ɒ n ˈ d ɑːr m ər i, ʒ ɒ̃-/) is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. In some cases, a police service's military links are ambiguous and it can be unclear whether a force should be defined as a gendarmerie (e.g. A gendarmerie (/ʒɒnˈdɑːrməri, ʒɒ̃-/) is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. In Russia, the modern National Guard (successor of the Internal Troops) are military units with quasi-police duties but historically, different bodies within the Tsarist Special Corps of Gendarmes performed a variety of functions as an armed rural constabulary, urban riot control units, frontier guards, intelligence agents and political police. [4], In 1923 Ahmet Zogu, then Minister of Interior of Albania, hired Colonel Walter Francis Stirling as Minister Counselor, who then was asked to reform the Arm of Gendarmerie according to the British model. Being a French concept, the French Gendarmerie has been the most influential model for such an organisation. Those honours include Northwest Canada, South Africa, The Great War and the Second World War. Historically, the spelling in English was gendarmery, but now the French spelling gendarmerie is more common. Since these are not strictly military forces, however, they are not considered gendarmerie. In Chile, the word "gendarmerie" refers for historic reasons to the prison service (the "Chilean Gendarmerie"), while the actual gendarmerie force is called the "carabineros". official website of the French Defence Ministry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gendarmerie&oldid=983035811, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles needing additional references from September 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from November 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 October 2020, at 21:21. The growth and expansion of gendarmerie units worldwide has been linked to an increasing reluctance by some governments to use military units typically entrusted with external defence for combating internal threats. The Arm of Gendarmerie changed his name in Arm of the Royal Gendarmerie (Albanian: Arma e Gjindarmërisë Mbretnore or AGJM). [7] Services such as the Italian Guardia di Finanza would rarely be defined as gendarmeries since the service is of an ambiguous military status and does not have general policing duties amongst the civilian population. [15], This article is about the concept. In 1925, Colonel Stirling was appointed General Inspector of the Albanian gendarmerie, which at that time had an effective 3,000 forces. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) uses gendarmery as the principal spelling; Merriam-Webster uses gendarmerie as the principal spelling. [2] In the mid-twentieth century, a number of former French mandates or colonial possessions such as Lebanon, Syria, the Ivory Coast, and the Republic of the Congo adopted a gendarmerie after independence. Algeria, Poland), a ministry of the interior (e.g. Mexico's Federal Police, Brazil's Military Police, or the former British South Africa Police until 1980). [12][13] Gendarmeries are widely used for internal security and in peacekeeping operations, for instance in the former Yugoslavia[12] and in Ivory Coast,[14] sometimes via the European Gendarmerie Force. The use of military organisations to police civilian populations is common to many time periods and cultures. Later in the year, the battalion of Durrës was established and also an academy for recruiting gendarmes in Tirana. [1] In France and some Francophone nations, the gendarmerie is a branch of the armed forces responsible for internal security in parts of the territory (primarily in rural areas and small towns in the case of France) with additional duties as a military police for the armed forces. Formation Gendarmerie Fs17. Since different countries may make different use of institutional terms such as "gendarmerie", there are cases in which the term may become confusing. Forces de police et forces armées, sécurité et défense: où sont les frontières? In France, the gendarmerie is in charge of rural areas and small towns (typically less than 10.000 inhabitants) which represent 95% of the territory and close to 50% of the population. Some historical military units, such as South-West Africa's Koevoet, were only defined as police for political reasons. photos police technique & scientifique. The national police force of Canada, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is referred to in French as the Gendarmerie royale du Canada (GRC). At the beginning, 1000 recruits would be prepared, while in its entirety, the Albanian Gendarmerie was foreseen with 5000 recruits. They also provide a state with flexibility in policing, as the military regulations of a gendarmerie may exempt it from certain gaps in service affecting the civilian police, for example regarding the right to strike. Besides its territorial organization, it has crowd and riot control units (the Gendarmerie Mobile, along with some corresponding units in the civilian police), counter-terrorism and hostage rescue (GIGN, again along with some corresponding units in the civilian police), maritime surveillance, police at sea and coast guard (Gendarmerie maritime), control and security at airports and air traffic police (Gendarmerie des transports aériens), official buildings guard, honorary services and protection of the President (Garde Républicaine), mountain rescue (Peloton de Gendarmerie de Haute Montagne) and security of nuclear weapons sites. The new force would initially number 5,000 personnel and was created with the assistance of the French gendarmerie.[8]. [9] Also the GNA is responsible for key facilities (such as nuclear facilities) and government building protection and recovery in case of criminal or enemy activities, counter-narcotraffic operations, internal security reinforcement of other provincial and federal security forces, pacification, smuggling control, road controls on federal highways, and counter-sedition activities under martial law. In countries where the gendarmerie and civilian police co-exist there may be rivalries and tensions between the forces. [3][4] A similar concept was introduced in Eastern Europe by establishing Internal Troops, that exist in many countries of the former Soviet Union and their former allied countries. Lieutenant Aymeric. Argentine, Romania, Ukraine) or even both ministries at once (e.g. He stood at the helm of the gendarmerie until a few months before the Italian invasion of Albania in 1939.[5]. After the declaration of independence of Albania was necessary to create a law enforcement force for maintaining order throughout the territory. Prior to the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922, British rule was based on the Royal Irish Constabulary—a drilled and armed force located in rural "barracks" that was a gendarmerie in all but in name. He left the post of Counselor in 1926 but continued to stay in Albania until 1931, in the position of "Inspector General" at the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In comparison to civilian police forces, gendarmeries may provide a more disciplined force whose military capabilities (e.g., armoured group in France with armoured personnel carriers) make them more capable of dealing with armed groups and with all types of violence. A common gendarmerie symbol is a flaming grenade, first used as insignia by the French force. The first Albanian government has been tasked with creating the Arms of Gendarmerie' Alem Tragjasin, Hysni Toskas, Sali Vranisht and Hajredin Hekalin. Formation of "Arm of Gendarmerie" After the declaration of independence of Albania was necessary to create a law enforcement force for maintaining order throughout the territory. The term gendarme (English: / ˈ ʒ ɒ n d ɑːr m /) is derived from the medieval French expression gens d'armes, which translates to "men-at-arms" (literally, "armed people"). After discussions with KNK and the Government of Ismail Qemali, Major Thomson was engaged in the preparation of documents for the organization of the Albanian Gendarmerie and the intensive military training of the newly established. [6] Generally there is some coordination between ministries of defence and the interior over the use of gendarmes. Italy, Belgium and Austria have had gendarmeries through Napoleonic influence for instance but, while Italy still has the Italian equivalent known as the Carabinieri, Belgium and Austria's gendarmeries have merged with the civil police (in, respectively, 2001 and 2005). [2][3], By the end of World War I, the formation of the new government on 25 December 1918, gathered many other officers and cadets with the intention to ending the anarchy that ruled across the country after the war. The GNA often take part in UN peace keeping missions.[11]. photos procedure penale In 1913, three battalions were created and headed by Major Hysen Prishtina in Vlorë, by Captain Ali Tetova in Berat and Major Ismail Haki Tatzati in Elbasan. However the RCMP is a mainly civilian organisation within Public Safety Canada. [10] In Argentina the Gendarmería Nacional Argentina (GNA, Argentina National Gendarmerie) can act as border patrol forces, defending and patrolling the land frontiers, antiterrorism, VIP escort missions, hostage situations and special military operations in war times (when the GNA is attached to the Argentine Army) with their 601st Special Operations Squadron "Alacran", which took part in the Falkland/Malvinas conflict. [1] This concept was introduced to several other Western European countries during the Napoleonic conquests. [1] A somewhat related phenomenon has been the formation of paramilitary units which fall under the authority of civilian police agencies. In 1928, after parliament's consent to its own dissolution. info); English: National Gendarmerie Intervention Group) is the elite police tactical unit of the French National Gendarmerie.Its missions include counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, surveillance of national threats, protection of government officials, and targeting organized crime. Part of this mission were Col. William De Veer and Major Lodewijk Thomson and several other experienced soldiers. A few forces which are no longer considered military retain the title "gendarmerie" for reasons of tradition. The National Gendarmerie (French: Gendarmerie nationale [ʒɑ̃daʁməʁi nɑsjɔnal]) is one of two national police forces of France, along with the National Police.It is a branch of the French Armed Forces placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior—with additional duties to the Ministry of Defense. During the Late Medieval to the Early Modern period, the term referred to a heavily armoured cavalryman of noble birth, primarily serving in the French army. While General De Veer cooperated more with the KNK and conducted military operations on the front.

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